A shift from decades of cannabis criminalization has renewed interest in the history of cannabis within Moroccan culture. Here, we explore the rich history of hemp use in Morocco, examining how it was crucial for the production of various elements across different fields, with a nod to the work of Moroccan pharmacist Jamal Bellakhder, “L’histoire du chanvre au Maghreb”.
Food Use of Hemp
According to ancient Arabic books, one of the earliest uses of hemp in Morocco was for producing bread. The seeds (chènevis) extracted from the plant were added to other mixtures of different grains to make fresh bread.
In addition to dough, the plant was also crucial for rural areas that lacked olive trees, where the seeds were used to extract oil that was safe for cooking.
Paper Production
The most prominent use of hemp in Morocco lies in its strong fibers. These fibers, valued for their robustness and resistance to decay, were important in creating essential tools for various fields.
They were the primary ingredient for the manufacture of paper. More than 300 workshops for paper production existed in the 18th century, particularly in Fez, the spiritual capital of Morocco.
Hemp in Maritime Navigation, Textiles, and Other Uses
In construction and maritime activities, hemp ropes played a crucial role in ensuring the stability and safety of structures and cargo. Hemp sails propelled boats across the water, while well-built tents provided shelter for nomads and travelers. Additionally, thick hemp yarn was used to make sturdy tow or fishing nets. Thus, hemp played a significant role in facilitating and developing maritime navigation.
Beyond maritime applications, the versatility of hemp extended to textiles. Moroccan artisans expertly wove the fibers into various fabrics tailored to diverse needs. Clothing was a primary application, and garments made from hemp, where the quality of the weave indicated the social status of the wearer. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly material due to its durability and strength.
The list of practical applications continues, with hemp being used to make halters and harnesses for animals, bedding, shoes, and household items such as curtains and washcloths (Moroccan “Quiss”).
Hemp as Medicine: A Herbal Remedy
The benefits of hemp extended beyond practical use, as Moroccan medicine harnessed the plant’s analgesic properties when people suffering from various ailments sought relief and relaxation.
Interestingly, surgeons of that time even used hemp as an anesthetic and sedative for procedures and recommended it to their patients, highlighting its versatile medicinal value.
Psychoactive Use of Hemp
The psychoactive properties of hemp, known as Kif in Morocco, offered another dimension to its use. People consumed Kif in various ways: smoking it in pipes (sebsi) provided a quick and direct experience, while mixing it with tobacco or sweet pastes (maâjoun) offered a more nuanced and possibly social experience. Less commonly, Kif was ingested in food or drinks.
The consumption of Kif went beyond psychoactive effects. It became a social lubricant, providing a sense of community and connection; people gathered to share Kif, relax, and engage in conversations, creating a space for relaxation and social bonding.
This practice, documented by Dr. Jamal Bellakhder, highlights the normalization of Kif consumption within certain social circles. Although technically illegal, the use of Kif was (and is) tolerated, especially in rural areas.
Cultivation and Geographical Significance
The cultivation of hemp in Morocco has a long history, possibly dating back to the 10th century. However, the Rif region in the north of the country emerged as the prominent producer due to a confluence of circumstances.
The region’s unique climate, characterized by warm temperatures and adequate rainfall, provided an ideal environment for hemp growth. Additionally, the mountainous terrain offered protection and isolation, enabling large-scale cultivation. By the 18th century, the Rif region had established itself as the heart of hemp production in Morocco.
Hespress English
Add comment